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1 καχάζω
Aκαχαξῶ Theoc.5.142
:—also in nasalized form [full] καγχάζω, S.Aj. 198 (lyr., v.l.), Babr.99.8, AP5.229 (Paul.Sil.), 6.74 (Agath.); cf. ἀνακαγχάζω:— laugh aloud, S.Ichn.348, Ar.Ec. 849, Anacreont.31.29, Luc.DMeretr.6.3; ἐπί τινι at one, Eub.8, Luc. Am.23;μέγα κατά τινος Theoc.
l. c.; jeer, mock, l.c. (Prob. onomatopoeic, by dissim. fr. χὰ χά 'ha! ha!') -
2 ἄγμα
II = κλέμμα, Hsch. -
3 ἀθήρ
ἀθήρ, - έροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `awn, pl. chaff, barb of a weapon, spine or prickle of a fish', also `the edge of a weapon' (Hes.),Other forms: With a nasal: ἀνθέριξ, - ικος m. = ἀθήρ, `ear' (Il.), ἀνθέρικος m. `stalk of asphodel, asphodel-plant' (Hp.). With - εών: ἀνθερεών, - ῶνος m. `chin' (Il.)?. From *ἀνθερο- (Bechtel Lex. s. ἀνθερεών, Krogmann Glotta 23, 220ff.) as `hervorragend'.Compounds: ἀθηρηλοιγός `winnowing-fan' (from `consumer of chaff'); Od. λ 128 = δ 275); the η's surprise.Derivatives: ἀθερίνη f., - ῖνος m. `kind of smelt, Atherina hepsetus' (Arist.), cf. Chantr. Form. 204, Thompson Fishes s. v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] [41]Etymology: No etym. IE ablaut * andh-: *n̥dh- is impossible as the (correct) forms * h₂(e)ndh- would both give Gr. ἀνθ-. The nasalized forms could be due to folk-etym., but rather point to Pre-Greek prenasalization. Fur. 296 further adduces ἀνθερίσκος = ἀνθερικ- with σκ\/κ; perhaps also ἄνθρυσκον \/ ἐ-, q.v. Not to Lat. ador because of the meaning and because this belongs to Iran. ādu, Goth. atisk, Szemerényi Studi Pisani 2, 958f. (The word has nothing to do with ἀνθρήνη, ἀνθρηδών, ἄνθρωπος.)Page in Frisk: 1,28Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀθήρ
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4 ἀμαρύσσω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: only presentDerivatives: ἀμαρυγή (ῡ metr. lengthening) `twinkling' (h. Merc.), ἀμάρυγξ id. (Hdn.; on the formation Schwyzer 498: 7). Nasalized form perhaps in Άμαρυγκεύς (Ψ 630) and in ἀμαρυγκυσία βοστρυχία H. (quite unclear; mistake?) - ἀμαρύττα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς H.; taken as a Cret. dual = ἀμαρύκτα `the twinkling'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Compared with μαρμαίρω (q.v.; cf. μαρμαρυγή). As - ύσσω is typically Greek (Schwyzer 733), comparison with Lith. mérkti `close the eyes, flicker' etc. is not allowed. The word may be called expressive, but may well be of Pre-Greek origin, with ἀ- interchanging with reduplication and the suffix - υξ\/- υγξ which is typical of the substr. language and shows prenasalization; Kuiper, FS Kretschmer 1, 221.Page in Frisk: 1,87Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμαρύσσω
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5 ἴχλα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: name of a sea-fish, = κίχλα, κίχλη ( BCH 60, 28 [Boeotia IIa], H.); cf. ἰχάλη = ἐσκευασμένος ἰχθῦς. η κίχλη τὸ ὄρνεον. H. Cf. ἴχλα κίχλα H. Also ἴσλαι = κίχλαι Η. Nasalized κίγκλοςOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lacroix Mél. Boisacq 2, 52f. The variants show that the word is Pre-Greek.; Fur. 130, 297f, 379. On the initial κ- see Fur. 391Page in Frisk: 1,746Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴχλα
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6 κηκίς
κηκίς, - ῖδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `anything gushing forth, ooze', of blood, purple, pitch, fat (A., S.), `dye from oak-gall, oak-gall' (Hp., D., Thphr.);Dialectal forms: Dor. κακίς,Derivatives: Diminut. κηκίδιον (medic.). - With, as denominative of an ι-stem (Schwyzer 727), κηκίω (Dor. κακίω H.), only present-stem, also with ἀνα-, `gush forth' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Uncertain. Since Fick 1, 420 compared with Lith. šókti `spring, danc', IE. *ḱāk-. (The (nasalized) form καγκύλας κηκῖδας. Αἰολεῖς is compared with Lith. šankùs `flink', but this cannot be connected as IE.) (Not here Thraco-Phryg. σίκιν(ν)ις `dance of the satyrs in honour of Dionysos' (S., E.). Further, quite uncertain or arbitrary combinations in Solmsen Wortforsch. 145 n. 2. - κηκίς, - ῖδος is from an old ī-stem (Chantraine Formation 347) or a backformation from κηκίω. - I think that the connection with šókti must be abandoned. The word will be Pre-Greek. The prenasalization in καγκύλας proves this; also the suffix -ῑδ- is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,838Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηκίς
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7 κύμβαχος
Grammatical information: adj., subst.Meaning: 1. adj. `fall head-foremost' (E 586; after it Call., Lyc.); 2. subst. prob. `crown of a helmet' (O536).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As the meanings cannot be united, Leumann Hom. Wörter 231 ff. tries to explain them from different interpretations and reshapings of a pre-homeric scene; like Bechtel Lex. he is inclined to consider the substantival, technical function as the primary one. The formation too speaks for this; cf. esp. οὑρίαχος `spear-end', στόμαχος prop. "mouth-end", `throat'. One takes as basis κύμβη `drinking cup' (s.v.)? Others (Hofmann Et. Wb., Kuiper Μνήμης χάριν 1, 213f.) start from a nasalized form of κύβη `head', κυβιστᾶν (s. v.). The nasal-less form κυβ- shows that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,48Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύμβαχος
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8 λαγγάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `slacken' (Antiph., Phot., AB [= ἐν- δίδωμι]); λαγγάζει ὀκνεῖ, οἱ δε λαγγεῖ; λαγγάσαι περιφυγεῖν H.Derivatives: Other formations in H.: λαγγεύει φεύγει, λαγγανώμενος περιϊστάμενος, στραγγευόμενος (cf. Schwyzer 700γ), λαγγαρεῖ ἀποδιδράσκει (correct?). - λαγγών ( λάγγων?) ὁ εὑθὺς λανθάνων τοῦ ἀγῶνος καὶ τοῦ φόβου EM 554, 15 (cf. Chantraine Form. 160). - Also with - ο-: λογγάζω, λογγάσαι. s.v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive -popular words, which agree formally and semantically to Lat. langueō, - ēre `be faint, slack' (with sec. -u-) and like this can be understood as nasalized present formations to λαγά-σαι ( λαγαίω); cf. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 235 (to Bogiatzides Άρχ. Έφ. 27, 115ff.); partly diff. We must separate several Baltic words with the meaning `rock, sling, vacillate', e. g. Lith. langóti, lingúoti (WP. 2, 436); s. Fraenkel Wb. 331 (s. láigyti); thus Germ., e. g. OHG slinc ' link', Swed. etc. linka, lanka, lunka `limp, go slowly etc.', s. WP. 2, 713, Pok. 959f., W.-Hofmann s. langueō. Same problem as λαγαίω, s.v. Does the form with - ο- point to Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,68-69Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγγάζω
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9 λαγκρύζεσθαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: λοιδορεῖσθαι Phot.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Nasalized form beside λακερύζεσθαι `id.', s. λακέρυζα. Grošelj Živa Ant. 3, 202. The prenasalization points to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,69Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγκρύζεσθαι
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10 λείπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `let, leave, leave behind', intr. `to be wanting, disappear', midd. `depart'.(Il.)Other forms: λιμπάνω (Sapph., Hp., Th., v. l. Λ 604), fut. λείψω, aor. 2 λιπεῖν, perf. λέλοιπα (alle Il.), midd. λέλειμμαι (Il.), aor. pass. λειφθῆναι (h. Merc., Pi.), aor. 1 λεῖψαι (Ar.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-, ὑπο-, As 1. member in mehreren governing compp., partly with privative meaning, e. g. λιπό-τεκνος `childless' (Pi.), s. Schwyzer 442; on the stemformation see Sommer Nominalkomp. 124 f.; also with inversion of the members as σαρκο-λιπής (AP) for λιπό-σαρκος (Hp.). Besides note λειψ(ι)- in λειψ-υδρ-ία `dirt of water' (Thphr.) etc.Derivatives: Subst.: 1. λεῖμμα ( ὑπό-, κατά-, ἔλ- λείπω etc.) `rest' (IA., Arist.). 2. λεῖψις ( ἔκ-, ἀπό- λείπω etc.) `leaving, be absent' (IA.). 3. λείψανον, most pl. -α `remainder' (E., Ar., Pl. 4. ἐκλειπ-ία `lack' (J.; cf. ἐκλιπ-ής below). - Adj.: 5. λοιπός (also ὑπό-, κατά- λείπω a. o. from ὑπο-λείπω etc.) `remaining' (posthom.) with ( ὑπο)λοιπ-άς f. `rest' (pap.), ἀπολοιπ-ασία `id.' (Hero, pap.; *ἀπολοιπ-άζω: ἀπόλοιπ-ος; Chantraine Form. 85, Schwyzer 469). 6. ἐκ-, ἐν-, ὑπο-λιπ-ής etc. (v. l. - λειπής) `lacking, remaining etc.' (Att.). 7. ἐκ-, ἐν-, παρα-, ὑπο-λειπτικός `regarding the ἔκλειψις' (hell.). - On its own is λίσσωμεν ἐάσωμεν H.; the explanation is dubious, cf. Schwyzer 692.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [669] `let, leave behind'Etymology: The thematic root aorist ἔ-λιπ-ε has exact parallels in Arm. e-lik', Skt. á-ric-a-t, IE *é-likʷ-e-t `he left'. With λέ-λοιπ-α agrees except the accent and the reduplication vowel Skt. ri-réc-a; without reduplication Germ., e.g. Goth. laiƕ, Lat. līqu-ī, IE *- loikʷ-. The nasalpresent λι-μ-π-άν-ω resembles best Arm. lk`-an-em (IE * likʷ-); nasalpresents of diff. formation are found also elsewhere, e. g. Skt. (3. sg.) ri-ṇá-k-ti, Lat. li-n-qu-ó. With the thematic root present λείπω agree Germ., e. g. Goth. leiƕan, OHG līhan `loan' (PGm. *līhu̯-) and Lith. liekù `let'; the last stands for older athemat. liek-mì. The Germ. present may go back on a nasalized *liŋhu̯-, which would agree with Lat. linquō. Note λοιπός beside the subst. Skt. ati-reka- m., Lith. ãt-laikas, OCS otъ-lěkъ `remainder' (IE *- loikʷ-o-); cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 304, Gliederung 167. - Further details WP. 2, 396f., Pok. 669f., W.-Hofmann s. linquō, Fraenkel s. lìkti.Page in Frisk: 2,99-100Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λείπω
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11 μασάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `chew, bite' (Hp., com., Arist.).Other forms: aor. μασήσασθαι.Derivatives: ( δια-) μάσημα `bite' (Hp., Antiph., Thphr.), ( δια-)μάσησις `chewing' (Thphr., Dsc.), μασητήρ "chewer", `muscle of the lower jaw' (Hp.), παρα-μασήτης "help-chewer", ' παράσιτος, parasite' (midd. Com.). Besides παραμασύντης `id.' (midd. Com.; μασύντης H.), Μασυντίας PN (Ar.) from *μασύνω; cf. μοσσύνειν μασᾶσθαι βραδέως H. and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 61 (Chantr. corrects to μασ-, which may be right or wrong; the variation might point to Pre-Greek.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The meaning of μασάομαι suggests an iterative -intensive deverbativ, from a primary yot-present (cf. φῡράω to φύ̄ρω from *φῠρ-ι̯ω, Schwyzer 719). Besides *μασύνω as innovation (after ἁπαλύνω etc.; diff. interpretation s. ματτύη). From μάθυιαι γνάθοι H. (cf. αἴθυια: αἴθω) we get a stem μαθ-, which got a το-suffix in μάσταξ (\< μαθ-τ-); s. v. -- A remarkable formal similarity is shown by synonymous Lat. mandō, - ere `chew', which can represent a nasalized IE * madh- (= μαθ-), cf. Leumann Lat. Gr. 313). If Germ., e.g. OHG mindel, OWNo. mēl n. `bit of the bridle' (IE * ment-), Goth. munÞs 'mouth' (IE *mn̥t-) would belong here, μαθ- could be the zero grade of it (with aspiration of the tenuis); but they must rather be connected with Welsh mant `jaw, mouth', Lat. mentum `jaw'. Doubtful is the rendering of Skt. math- (mostly `beat up, stir, rub') with `tear up, feed on' in AV 5, 8, 4 etc. (Specht Ursprung 254 after Oertel), s. Narten IIJ 4, 121 f., where a math-'tear away, rob' is assumed. An IE * menth- `chew, bit, mouth' (WP. 2, 270, Pok. 732f.), then, is not at all ascertained. -- Quite diff. on μασάομαι Sommer IF 11. 266 (from IE *mad-si̯ā- to Goth. mats `food' etc.; morphologically doubtful). Albanian combinations in Mann Lang. 17, 20. - However, the form μοσσυνειν seems to prove Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,179-180Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μασάομαι
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12 μαστός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `nipple, motherbreast, breast', metaph. `hill, hight', also name of a beaker (Apollod. Cyren. ap. Ath. 11, 487b, Oropos, Delos); cf. Jaeger RhM 102, 337ff. (on the use in Clem. Al. and Ph.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. φιλό-μαστος `breastloving' (A.), γυναικό-μαστος (- θος) `with female breasts' (medic.), δεκά-μαζος `with ten breasts' ( Epigr. Gr.); μαστό-δε-τον n. `breast-band' (AP); cf. e.g. ἀκμό-θε-τον.Derivatives: Diminutives: μαστίον `small cup' (Oropos), μαστάριον `id.' (Delos), also `small breast' (Alciphr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The attempt to reduce μαζός, μαστός, μασθός to three different pre-forms, IE * mad-dos, * mad-tos, * mad-dhos, (Schrader KZ 30, 476; also [IE *th \> θ] Specht Ursprung 224 f., 231), does not recognise the familiar character of the word. The only late attested μασθός can be explained easily as reshaping after words with comparable meaning or associated words like στῆθος (WP. 2, 231), κύσθος, βρόχθος (s. v. sub βρόξαι). The older μαζός and μαστός can be derived with i̯o- ( do-?) resp. to-suffix from the root of μαδάω, but semantically this connection is rather non-committal, which is true also for the comparison with OHG mast `fattening, (Germ.) Eichelmast, fodder'. The nasalized form mand- `suckle, breast' (Alb. mënt `suckle, suck' posited by WP. 2, 232) is quite hypothetical; cf. W.-Hofmann s. mannus. Remote connection with the nursery word mā (s. μάμμη) is as well possible. - If the form is Pre-Greek, mazdos mastos only differ in voice: non voiced (and aspirated in masthos),which are no phonemic distinction in Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,183Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαστός
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13 ξένος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `foreigner, guest, guestfriend, host' (Il.), `mercenary, soldier' (ξ 102, Att.); ξένη (scil. γυνή, γῆ) f. `the foreign, foreign country' (trag., X.); adj. `foreign' (posthom.).Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. ξεῖνος, Dor. ξένϜος (in Cor. ΞενϜοκλῆς, Corc. El. ΞενϜάρης), ξῆνος (Cyr. Φιλόξηνος), (hyper)Aeol. ξέννος (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),Compounds: Many compp., e.g. ξενο-, ξεινο-δόκος m. `receiving foreigners, guests, host' (Il.), φιλό-ξε(ι)νος `loving guests, hospitable' (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), πρόξενος, Corc. πρόξενϜος m. `deputy guest, state guest' (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on Εὔξεινος ( πόντος) s. v.Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. ξένιος, ξείνιος `regarding the foreigner', τὰ ξε(ί)νια `gust-gifts (Il.; Myc. kesenuwija); 2. younger ξε(ι)νικός `id.' (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index) ; 3. ξεινήϊος in τὰ ξεινήϊα ( τὸ ξ-ον) = τὰ ξείνια (Hom.), after πρεσβήϊα (Risch ̨ 46); 4. ξενόεις `full of foreigners' (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. ξε(ι)νίη, - ία f. `guest-friendship, guest-right' (since ω); 2. ξεινοσύνη f. `hospitality' (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 26); 3. ξενών, - ῶνος m. `guest-room, -house' (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein Ξενών [MAWNeth. 84 B: 3] 1937); ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of χθών(?); 4. ξενίς, - ίδος f. `road leading into foreign countries' (Delph. IIa); 5. ξενίδιον n. `small guesthous' (pap. IIIp); 6. ξεν-ύδριον (Men.), - ύλλιον (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of ξένος (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. ξε(ι)νίζω `receive guestly, hospitalize' (Il.), also `wonder' (hell.) with ξένισις f. `hospitality' (Th.), ξενισμός m. `id.' (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also `wonder, innovation' (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); ξενιστής m. `host' (sch.). 2. ξε(ι)νόομαι `accept s.body as a guest' (Pi., IA.), also `live in foreign country, go in..' (S., E.), - όω `embessle' (Hld.); ξένωσις f. `residence abroad' (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. ξενιτεύομαι `serve as soldier abroad' (Isoc., Antiph.), -ω `live abroad' (Timae. Hist., J.); after πολιτεύομαι, -ω: πολίτης: πόλις (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); ξενιτ-εία f. `mercenary, live abroad' (Democr., LXX), - ευτής m. `who lives abroad' (VIp).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for `foreigner, guest' in Lat. hostis m. `foreigner, enemy', Germ., e.g. Goth. gasts `guest', OCS gostь `id.', IE * ghosti-s, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: *ξ-εν-Ϝος to a sero grade and nasalized present *ghs-en-u̯ō (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. hostis. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade * ghsēn- in Alb. huai `foreign'. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. ξευνε; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξένος
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14 πλήσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: often (in pres. in the older language always) with prefix in diff. senses, e.g. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, κατα-, παρα-, `to strike, to slap, to thrust, to hit', pass. `to be beaten, thrust, hit, struck' ( ἐκ- πλήσσω `to startle', ἐπι- πλήσσω usu. `to criticize, to scold', παρα- πλήσσω in pass. `to become crazy' etc.).Other forms: Att. - ττω ( ἐκ-πλήγνυμαι Th.), aor. πλῆξαι (Il.), Dor. πλᾶξαι, redupl. ( ἐ-)πέπληγον (Hom.), pass. πληγῆναι (Il.), Dor. Aeol. πλᾱγῆναι, with prefix - πλᾰγῆναι (IA.), πληχθῆναι (E., late), fut. πλήξω (Il.), pass. πληγήσομαι, - πλᾰγήσομαι (Att.), perf. πέπληγα (Il.: πεπληγώς), πέπληχα (hell.), pass. πέπληγμαι (IA.),Compounds: As 1. member in governing compp., e.g. πλήξ-ιππος `flogging horses' (ep. poet.Il.).Derivatives: Several derivv. Nom. actionis: 1. πληγή, Dor. πλαγά f. `hit, wound etc.' (Il.). 2. πλήγανον βακτηρία, πληγάς δρέπανον H. 3. πλῆγ-μα n. = πληγή (S., E., Arist.), - μός m. `id.' (medic., κατά- πλήσσω LXX). 4. ἀπό-, ἔκ-, ἔμ-, ἐπί-, κατά-πληξις f. `apoplexy, concussion etc.' (IA.); πλῆξις, Dor. πλᾶξις f. `striking' (Ti. Locr.). Nom. agentis a. instr. 5. πλῆκτρον, Dor. πλᾶκτρον n. `instrument for striking, mallet' (h. Hom., Pi.). 6. πληκτήρ m. `id.' (Hdn. Gr.); πλακτήρ τὸ τοῦ ἀλεκτρυόνος πλῆκτρον H.; πλάκτωρ m. (Dor.) `striker' (AP), πλήκτης m. `id.' (Hp., Arist.), ἐπι- πλήσσω `blamer, castigator' (Gloss.), - πλήκτειρα f. `who drives on' (AP). Adj., mostly as 2. member: 7. - πληξ, e.g. παραπλήξ, - γος `stricken sideways' (ε 418), `crazy' (IA.), `paralyzed' (Hp.) with - ηγία, - ηγικός (Hp.), οἰστρο-πλήξ `stung by a gadfly' (trag.); πλήξ as simplex only as designation. of a bandage (Sor.); 8. - πληκτος, e.g. ἀπόπληκτος `stirred by strikes' with - ηξίη, - ία (IA.); 9. ἐκ-, κατα-πλαγής `startled' (Plb., Luc.). 10. πληκτικός `striking, hitting' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 134 a. 138), ἐκπληκτι-κός (Th.) a.o. Verb 11. πληκτίζομαι `to fight' (Φ 499 a.o.), most `to dally' (Ar., Herod.) with - ισμός m. (AP), prob. rather enlargement of the primary verb (cf. λακτίζω and Schwyzer 706) than from a nominal τ-deriv.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [832] *pleh₂k\/g- `beat'Etymology: With the primary yot-present πλήσσω from *πλᾱκ-ι̯ω agrees a Slav. word for `weep, lament' (prop. `beat one's breast'), e.g. OCS plačǫ (sę), Russ. pláču; to this the verbal noun Lith. plókis m. `blow, stroke'. Final media as in πλᾱγ-ά̄, πληγ-ή a.o. is also found in Germ., e.g. OE flōcan `clap approval', Goth. redupl. pret. faí-flokun ' ἐκόπτοντο', OHG fluohhon `curse' (IE * plāg-). The zero grade in πλᾰγ-ηναι (with sec. short α) is also represented in the nasalized πλάζω (with Lat. plangō); beside it with -k- Lith. plakù, plàkti `beat, chastise'. Beside these forms going back on IE * plāk-, plāg- [but not * plak-, plag-!] stand with deviating vocalism Lith. plíek-iu, -ti `beat, whip' (cross with an other verb?), Lat. plectō, - ere `punish, chastise' (ē or ĕ). -- Connection with the group of πλάξ (prop. `beat broadly'?) may be considered. Further forms w. rich lit. WP. 2, 91 ff., Pok. 832f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. plectō, Vasmer s. plákatь, Fraenkel s. plíekti 2. On the perf. πέπληγα against τύπτω, πατάξαι s. Bloch Suppl. Verba 83ff.Page in Frisk: 2,561-562Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλήσσω
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15 πυνθάνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: to find out, learn, to ask, to inquire, to investigate' (Il.); act. πεύθω, πεῦσαι `to announce, to cite' (Crete).Other forms: ep. also πεύθομαι (metr. easier; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 111, 282, 308), fut. πεύσομαι, aor. 2. πυθέσθαι, redupl. opt. πεπύθοιτο, perf. πέπυσμαι.Derivatives: With zero grade: 1. πύστις f. `questioning, inquiry, tidings' (Att., A.; cf. below) with πυστι-άομαι `to interrogate' (Plu., Phot., H.); 2. πύσμα n. `question, interrogation' with - ματικός `interrogative, asking' (late); 3. πυστός (EM, Eust.), always as 2. member, resp. in the prefixcompp., e.g. ἄ-πυστος, ἀνά-πυστος (Od.). With full grade: 4. πευθώ f. `tidings' (A. Th. 370); 5. πεῦσις ( ἀνά-) f. `information' (Ph., Plu.; older πύστις, cf. Fraenkel Glotta 32, 27 w. lit.); 6. πευθήν, - ῆνος m. `spy' (Luc., Arr.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 143); 7. Adj. πευστικός `interrogating' (A. D., Ph.); 8. as 2. member, after the ες-stems (Schwyzer 513), - πευθής, e.g. ἀ-πευθ-ής `uninvestigated, unaware' (Od.); 9. with dentalsuffix φιλό-πευσ-τος (Phot., Suid.), - της (Ptol.) `who loves questioning' with - πευστέω, - πευστία (hell.).Etymology: The full grade thematic root-present πεύθομαι has exact formal agreements in several languages: Skt. bódhati, midd. -te `watch, observe, understand', Av. baođaiti, -te `id.', also `smell after', Germ., e.g. Goth. ana-, faur-biudan `order, arrange' resp. `forbid', OWNo. bjōða 'offer, present, make known', Slav., e.g. OCS bljudǫ, bljusti `preserve, guard, observe', Russ. bljudú, bljustí `observe, perceive', IE * bheudh-e(-ti, - toi) `observes, is attent'. The deviating meaning of the Germ. verbs agrees mainly to the (prob. secondary) active Cret. πεύθω and is related to an old opposition of the diatheses; a corresponding meaning shows a.o. the Skt. causative bodháyati `wake, instruct, inform'. The meaning `find out, ask' is a Greek innovation. -- With ( ἐ-)πύθοντο agrees exactly Skt. budhánta so these are in origin identical; complete formal congruence is also found between ( ἄ-)πυστος and Skt. buddhá-, which functions as ptc. of the caus. bodháyati ('wakes, illuminates'), to which also Av. hupō. bus-ta- `well scented'; thus as between πύστις and Skt. buddhi- f. `insight, intelligence, spirit', between ( ἀ-)πευθής and Av. baođah- n. `observation'; in all these cases one must reckon with independent innovations. A nasalized present like πυν-θάνομαι is also found in Lith. bu-n-dù, inf. bústi `wake' (with the suffixed caus. búd-inu, - inti) and in Celt., e.g. OIr. ad-bond- `give notice, announce'. Through the strong productivity of these formations is also here original identity doubtful; cf. Schwyzer 701 w. lit. -- Further forms from the diff. languages with rich lit. in WP. 2, 147f., Pok. 150, Mayrhofer s. bódhati, Fraenkel s. budė́ti, Vasmer s. bljudú.Page in Frisk: 2,625-626Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυνθάνομαι
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16 ῥοφέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Fut. ῥοφήσομαι, -ω, aor. ῥοφῆσαι (Ar., X., Arist.; also Hp.), Ion. (Hippon., Hp.) ῥυφέω, - ῆσαι, also ῥυμφάνω (Jouanna, RPh 55 (1981)205-13). Rarely - άω (late).Derivatives: ῥόφ-ημα ( ῥύφ-) n. "dish, which is slurped", `thick broth, soup' (Hp., Arist.) with - ημάτιον (A. D.), - ηματώδης `soup-like' (medic.); - ησις ( ἀνα-, κατα-) f. `slurping' (Arist., medic.), - ητός `apt for slurping' (Str., medic.), - ητικός `slurping' (Str.); also ῥόμμα = ῥόφημα, ῥοπτός = ῥοφητός (Hp. ap. Gal.), as if from ῥόφω (EM); ῥόφισμα n. (Cyran.: *ῥοφίζω).Etymology: Iterative-intensive formation with many near cognates, which mostly represent a zero grade, IE *sr̥bh-; Arm. arbi `I drank' (pres. ǝmpem prob. to πίνω), Lith. surbiù, sur̃bti `suck', OCS srъbati, Russ. serbátь `slurp', Lat. sorbeō `id.'. Given these forms one is tempted to consider also ῥυφέω as zero grade (Schwyzer 351 f.). A primary full grade present is retained in Lith. srebiù, srė̃bti `eat (liquid food) wit a spoon', IE * srebh-; beside it IE * serbh- in Alb. gjerp `slurp' (the form seems to go back on *sorbʰ-eyō, Huld Alb. Etymologies 143). To a primary verb with remarkable o-vocalism (prob. after ῥοφέω) seem to go back also ῥόμμα, ῥοπτός. The widespread family is also found in German. (e.g. MHG sürpfeln, Swed. sörpla `slurp' with secondary pf resp. p) and in Iran. (Psht. rawdǝl `suck' a.o.; Morgenstierne Pashto s.v., Sarūpa- Bhāratī [1954] 1). -- WP. 2, 704, Pok. 1001, W.-Hofmann s. sorbeō, Fraenkel s. sur̃bti, Vasmer s. serbátь w. further forms a. lit. -- Cf. ῥυβδέω. -- The form ῥυφ- will rather be an (omomatop.?) byform.Page in Frisk: 2,663Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥοφέω
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17 στόχος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `erected pillar, post, mark, fixed target', also `suspicion' (after στοχάζομαι)? (very rare, partly in the transmission blurred attestations in A., E., X., Poll., Att. inscr.).Compounds: Compp. ἄ-στοχος `missing the target', εὔ-στοχος `aiming well, hitting well' (Att., hell. a. late) with ἀ-, εὑ-στοχ-ία, - έω.Derivatives: στοχ-άς, - άδος f. `raising for the poles of fixing-nets' (Poll.); also adj. of unclear meaning (E. Hel. 1480 [lyr.], prob. false v. l. for στολάδες); - ανδόν adv. `by conjecture' (Theognost.). Normal denom. στοχάζομαι, also w. κατα- a.o., `to target at sthing, to shoot, to seek to achieve, to guess, to conjecture, to explore' (Hp., Att., hell. a. late) with ( κατα-) στοχασμός, - ασις, - αστής, - αστικός; also στόχασμα n. `instrument for aiming' = `javelin' (E. Ba. 1205; cf. Chantraine Form. 145).Etymology: Without certain non-Greek agreement. As the original meaning seems to have been `erected pillar, post', we can compare some Balt.-Slav. and Germ. words. Thus Russ. stóg m. `heap, heap of hay', Bulg. stéžer `post to bind horses to, bar (Germ. Schoberstange)', Russ. dial. stož-á, -ará, -erá `supporting pillar of a haystack', čech. stožár `mast(tree)', Lith. stãgaras `thin long stalk of a plant', Latv. stę̄ga `long bar' etc. Because of Germ., e.g. OE staca, NEngl. stake, OWNo. staki m. `bar, javelin' (PGm. * stak-an-) for stóg etc. IE * steg- is also possible [no, the short vowel requires an aspirate: Winter-Kortlandt's law]. Beside the words mentioned Germ. presents also another group, which cannot be well be distinguished from it, which goes back on IE * stegh- (\> Slav. steg-), mostly in the nasalized form ste-n-gh-: Swed. stagg `stiff and standing grass, sholder, stickleback' (-gg express. gemin.), ODan. stag `point, germ'; OHG stanga, OWNo. stǫng f. ' Stange, stick, pole' (with OWNo. stinga, OE stingan `sting') etc. (Not from here with zero grade (IE *stn̥gh-) στάχυς?)Page in Frisk: 2,804Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στόχος
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18 Πούδης
Πούδης, εντος, ὁ (BGU 455, 4 [I A.D.] al. in pap; Jos., Bell. 6, 172) Pudens, Roman personal name (the n was lost, as on Rom. ins, because it was nasalized in pronunciation: B-D-F §41, 2; 54;; s. Mlt-H. 134). An otherw. unknown Christian 2 Ti 4:21 (identification w. the husband of Claudia mentioned CIL VI 15066 is uncertain).—Lghtf., St. Clement I 1890, 76ff; GEdmundson, The Church in Rome 1913, 244–49; Kl. Pauly IV 1240. M-M.
См. также в других словарях:
Nasalized — Nasalize Na sal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Nasalized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Nasalizing}.] To render nasal, as sound; to insert a nasal or sound in. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
nasalized — pre·nasalized; … English syllables
nasalized — Synonyms and related words: accented, alveolar, apical, apico alveolar, apico dental, articulated, assimilated, back, barytone, bilabial, broad, cacuminal, central, cerebral, checked, close, consonant, consonantal, continuant, dental,… … Moby Thesaurus
nasalized — nasalize (Amer.) na·sal·ize || neɪzÉ™laɪz v. speak with a nasal sound; make a nasal sound (also nasalise) … English contemporary dictionary
steb(h)- and stēb(h)- : stǝbh-, nasalized stemb(h)-; step- (also stēp-?), nasalized stemp-; nominal stǝbho-s, stemb(h)ro-s, stomb(h)o-s — steb(h) and stēb(h) : stǝbh , nasalized stemb(h) ; step (also stēp ?), nasalized stemp ; nominal stǝbho s, stemb(h)ro s, stomb(h)o s English meaning: post, pillar, stump; to support, etc.. Deutsche Übersetzung: Bedeutungsumfang:… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
dhā̆ bh-1, nasalized dhamb(h)- — dhā̆ bh 1, nasalized dhamb(h) English meaning: to astonish, be speechless, *hit Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘staunen, betreten, sprachlos sein” Note: presumably as “beaten, be concerned “ from a basic meaning “hit” Probably common… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
(s)kerb(h)-, (s)kreb(h)-, nasalized (s)kremb- — (s)kerb(h) , (s)kreb(h) , nasalized (s)kremb English meaning: to turn, curve Deutsche Übersetzung: “drehen, krũmmen; also especially sich zusammenkrũmmen, schrumpfen (also vor Hitze, Trockenheit), runzeln” Note: extension to… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
skē̆ i-bh-, -p-, nasalized ski-m-bh- — skē̆ i bh , p , nasalized ski m bh English meaning: slant; to limp Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘schief, hinken(d)” Material: O.Ice. skeifr ‘slant, skew” (*skoipo ), O.E. scüf, scüb ds. (in scüf fōt ‘schieffũßig”), M.L.G. schēf ds.… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
k̂ā̆k-2, nasalized k̂ank- — k̂ā̆k 2, nasalized k̂ank English meaning: branch Deutsche Übersetzung: “Ast, Zweig, Pflock” Material: O.Ind. sükhü f. “bough” (: Goth. hōha, Arm. c̣ax); sákala m. n. “chip, splinter, splinter, wooden log, Schnitzel, shred” (:… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
k̂u̯ek- (nasalized k̂u̯enk-) : k̂uk- — k̂u̯ek (nasalized k̂u̯enk ) : k̂uk English meaning: to gape Deutsche Übersetzung: “klaffen” Material: O.Ind. sváñcatē “öffnet sich, tut sich auf, ucchvaŋka m. “das Aufklaffen, Lũcke, shard, Sichauftun”; Lith. šù ke f. ‘scharte” … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
pēs-2, nasalized pēns- — pēs 2, nasalized pēns English meaning: dust, sand Deutsche Übersetzung: ‘staub, Sand” Material: O.Ind. püm su , püm suka “dust, powder, sand”, Av. pąsnu š ds.; Church Slavic pěsъkъ ‘sand”; presumably as “the wehende, gewehte”… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary